Before we dive in, lets get an understanding of four key concepts. Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an area or a substance and is usually done by an artificial means of lowering the temperature, such as the use of ice or mechanical refrigeration. This means that a single value of heat capacity is used to calculate heat changes over quite a wide range of temperatures. This is often measured at the liquids boiling point.
Principles of refrigeration this book has been written especially for use in programs where a full curriculum in refrigeration is offered. Choose from 47 different sets of refrigeration principles flashcards on quizlet. Refrigeration and airconditioning is the subject which deals with the techniques to control the environments of the living and nonliving subjects and thus provide them comforts to enable them to perform better and have longer lives. Mechanical refrigeration works by changing the the majority of heat is removed from the the majority of the works by removedchanging the absorbed heat is state of the refrigerant. This course is an overview of vaporcompression refrigeration cycle, principles of heat generation, transfer and rejection.
The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. Kings basic refrigeration is the absolute best text and reference for understanding refrigeration of all types ever written. Whether youre new to refrigeration or just want to brush up on your basics, the following. The most common refrigeration system in use today involves the input of work from a compressor and uses the vapor compression cycle. You can describe something as cold and everyone will know what you mean. Reprints no comments this is another in a series of columns addressing advanced basics in the understanding of the refrigeration cycle. Fundamentals of refrigeration evaporation the picture on fig.
This course introduces the student to basic refrigeration system principles and practices, and the major component parts of the refrigeration system. A practical treatise covering the basic principles, servicing, operation and repair of 1. Graphics and animations are used in an attempt to make it easy to understand the concepts involved. The suction line connects the evaporator or cooling coil to. The main components there are four main components in a refrigeration system.
Reprints no comments if you are like most of us in the hvac industry, you are a handson person you dont want to mess with a lot of theory, but just get in and get the job done. You will learn how theoretical refrigeration principles and laws knowledge are applied within the refrigeration industry. Sep 10, 2016 the refrigeration cycle is a critical component of hvac systems and is governed by the principles of thermodynamics. This is essential to be successful in the hvac industry. Learn refrigeration principles with free interactive flashcards. Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration. This warming and cooling of the air is usually referred to as winter and summer air conditioning.
This column will deal with the compressor, discharge line, and condenser. Principles of refrigeration provides comprehensive coverage of refrigeration theory, components, and systems analysis and design. First of all, did you know that there is no such thing as cold. For example, if a temperature of 100f is indicated in connection with r. Basic refrigeration cycle explained hvac 101 step by step duration. One ton of refrigeration is the amount of latent heat absorbed when one ton of ice at 32f melts to water at 32f during 24 hours.
This is the amount of heat required to turn a liquid into a gas. The basic purpose of refrigeration is to remove heat from an area where it is not wanted. Basics of air conditioning bayonet plumbing, heating, and ac. The compressor is a vapor compression pump which uses pistons or some other method to compress the refrigerant gas and send it on its way to the condenser. To be able to provide your customers with cooling solutions, you will need to have a firm grasp of the fundamental principles of basic refrigeration. Any components beyond these basic 4 are called accessories. When compiling the material for the booklet a deliberate. The highest levels of efficiency in these systems are achieved through a. Welcome to the manual for refrigeration servicing technicians. Continuous refrigeration can be accomplished by several different processes.
By studying and understanding the basic principles of refrigeration, you will be able to understand any type of refrigeration system you might encounter. Refrigeration and air conditioning training course principles of refrigeration 32 hours, 32 nate cehs, 3. This chapter gives an overview of the principles of low temperature refrigeration and the thermodynamics behind it. Refrigerants help perform what is called the compressionexpansion cycle. If you only study one book on refrigeration this should be the one. Heat and refrigeration principles learning objective. The problem is how to convey heat from an area of a given temperature to an area of higher temperature. Explain the basics of heat theory and the basic principles of refrigeration. Tubing or lines make the system complete so that the refrigerant will not leak out into the atmosphere. Pumping power must be sufficient to create the desired flow at the outlet of the heat exchanger. When 1 pound of ice melts, it absorbs 144 btu, as latent energy. Heat is added to the liquid which in this case is water causing its temperature to rise. The refrigeration system requires some means of connecting the basic major components evaporator, compressor, condenser, and metering device just as roads connect communities.
Air conditioning systems by edwin anderson and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles. This course will provide the sales person, technician or engineer with a strong foundation and a thorough understanding of the refrigeration circuit, the heart of the hvac system. But your air conditioner actually removes warm air and recirculates it as cool air. However, the material covered and the method of presentation are such that the text is also suitable for adult evening classes and for onthejob training and selfinstruction. In the past, this was done by collecting ice in the winter and using its specific heat to cool as the ice melted. Heat flow is a basic principle of refrigeration in fact, of all hvac work. Refrigeration and air conditioning training course principles. The refrigeration cycle is a critical component of hvac systems and is governed by the principles of thermodynamics. Principle of refrigeration the refrigeration cycle is also known as vapour compression cycle. Tata mcgrawhill education, 2005 air conditioning 702 pages. Sep 28, 2015 principle of refrigeration the refrigeration cycle is also known as vapour compression cycle. For any mechanical refrigeration system, the principles and essential components are the same no matter how big or.
At a lower temperature, molecular motion slows down and the growth of bacteria that causes food spoilage also retards. Pdf basic refrigeration cycle find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. This manual will help guide you through your quest to improve your knowledge of commercial refrigeration. In this article and the next, we look at components. Audels refrigeration and air conditioning guide for engineers, servicemen, shop men and users. In this component, the refrigerant starts as a cold, twophase substance part liquid, part. This text provides a detailed, applicationsoriented treatment of the mechanical refrigeration cycle, associated equipment, component design, and system operation. There are 4 main components in a mechanical refrigeration system. To really understand what a chiller is, a fundamental knowledge of the principles of basic refrigeration is required. Refrigeration principles pdf refrigeration industrytrade e. Refrigeration basic principle refrigeration evaporators. The compressor the condensing coil the metering device the evaporator 3. Heating and airconditioning principles 3 212f 212f 212f 1 gram of vapor 540 calories 1 gram water 1 pound of vapor 970 btus 1 pound water heat heat figure the latent heat of vaporization that water vapor stores is released when the vapor condenses to a liquid.
Refrigeration the process of cooling or maintaining temperature in a space or object by removing heat pressure a force per unit area applied directly to a surface temperature the measurement of the intensity of heat energy in an object sensible heat heat energy that causes a change in temperature. Temperature is an indication of the level of heat energy but not of total amount of heat or amount of material that might be present. Jun 02, 2005 this is another in a series of articles addressing advanced basics in the understanding of the refrigeration cycle. Basics of air conditioning most people dont realize how their central air conditioner actually works. It is an ebook for people who are involved in training and. It will test your understanding of basic theory and the. I have an unlimited ammonia refrigeration license, operate a huge ammonia system, and teach industrial refrigeration. One ton of refrigeration equals 12,000 btu per hour btuh. Objectives after studying this unit, you should be able to know what is refrigeration and airconditioning. For example, in the refrigeration cycle, the evaporator cooling coil is. Refrigeration fundamentals 2175 west park place blvd.
Principles of refrigeration principles of refrigeration course description. The process where a gas or liquid change its temperature when it is forced through an expansion valve or capillary tube in an insulated system where no ambient heat transfer. Introduction chapter 1 introduction courtesy of frick background this guide identifies and discusses best practices for making industrial refrigeration systems both energyefficient and productive. Basic refrigeration cycle nina sri maulani 121624023 tptu 2012 2. Downing technical consult, dupont company heat capacity is usually considered to be independent of temperature. This bulletin covers the basics of ammonia as a refrigerant. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. As refrigerant in the latent state or as vapor refrigerant in the process of changed state to liquid, this is the phase where it absorbs or rejects large quantities of heat.
Apr 26, 20 basic refrigeration principles johnnyhvac. However, first lets understand air conditioning theory, the basic principle, types of heat, how heat transfers and i will show you how the basic refrigeration cycle. Back to basics whether youre new to refrigeration or just want to brush up on your basics, the following information may be useful. In this column and the next on july 4, we look at components. This procedure is called a throttling process or joulethomson. Refrigeration working principle pdf plant but who wish to extend their knowledge on the basic principles of. For industrial purposes, chillers can be thought of as a component within a complex mechanical system that is used to remove heat from a process or substance. It is intended to cover only the fundamentals of refrigeration theory and practice. Refrigeration and air conditioning training course. Basic cryogenic processes joulethomoson process, brayton process as well as claude process are described and compared. They think that an air conditioner functions by pumping cool air into their home. This section highlights some of the basic principles of air conditioning for those who would benefit from additional knowledge in this area. The science behind refrigeration berg chilling systems inc. The refrigeration training course series is intended for users who want to improve or acquire knowledge and skills in refrigeration basics and the refrigeration cycle.
This manual is designed to fill a need which exists for a concise, elementary text to aid servicemen, salesman, students, and others interested in refrigeration. Topics include refrigeration tools, piping practices, service valves, leak testing, refrigerant recovery, recycling, and reclamation, evacuation. A chiller is simply a device that used to remove heat from something. The cycle operates at two pressures high and low, to produces a continuous cooling effect. Dossat principles of refrigeration john wiley 1961 acrobat 7 pdf 35. Industrial refrigeration best practices guide 1 chapter 1. It is usually done by an artificial means of lowering the temperature, such as by the use of ice or mechanical refrigeration, which is a mechanical system or apparatus, designed and. May 21, 2007 the term tons of refrigeration is also used to refer to the cooling load on a room or building. This section explains in basic terms the principles that are used to create the refrigeration effect. Your customers may need refrigeration to cool something that is a. For both students and professionals, this book presents the science behind the operation of refrigeration systems as a method for building solid analytical skills, which will set the studenttechnician apart when it comes to understanding and troubleshooting system. The refrigeration basic principle is that with the aid of a heat pump, the refrigerant is being compressed to the condenser and capillary tube thus increasing its temperature 5060c and pressure 750 kpa in the refrigerator being cooled down by the condensing unit to 32c depending the existing ambient temperature. This article gives details about the functions of the compressor, discharge line, and condenser.
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